Definition: The term "magnetism" is a scientific concept that describes how an object or force exerts a force on itself when placed near another object or force, such as an electrical field. Magnetism can be explained in many ways based on the principles of electromagnetism.
1.
Electric Field
: An electric field is a physical force caused by an electric current. Objects near an electric field will exert a magnetic force toward that object because they are attracted to it. This phenomenon was first recognized and explained by James Clerk Maxwell in 1864, who called this force the electromotive force.
2.
Magnetic Field
: A magnetic field is caused by a changing electrical current. Objects near a magnetic field will exert an electric force toward that object because they are repelled to it. This phenomenon was first recognized and explained by James Clerk Maxwell in 1864, who called this force the electromagnetic force.
3.
Magnetization
: Magnetization refers to the state of a material or its properties when subjected to an external magnetic field. It is defined as an increase in the magnitude of the magnetic moment (the torque produced by the applied magnetic field) and its direction relative to the direction of the field.
4.
Electromagnetic Field Strength
: The strength of an electromagnetic field can be measured using a device called a magnetometer, which measures the change in the magnetic flux linkage around an object or a circuit. This measure provides a quantitative way to quantify the magnetic properties of an object.
5.
Magnetization Temperature
: The temperature at which objects become magnetized is known as their magnetization temperature and can be measured using a device called a thermoelectric cooler, which uses heat to cool materials that are heated with an external magnetic field.
The term "magnetic" was originally used by Maxwell to describe the phenomenon of electromagnetism. However, since then, it has been widely used to refer to any physical force or property that is affected by changes in magnetic fields.
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